Keras fit_generator issue












2














I followed this tutorial to create a custom generator for my Keras model. Here is an MWE that shows the issues I'm facing:



import sys, keras
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import pandas as pd
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Dense, Input
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.losses import binary_crossentropy

class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
'Generates data for Keras'
def __init__(self, list_IDs, batch_size, shuffle=False):
'Initialization'
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.list_IDs = list_IDs
self.shuffle = shuffle
self.on_epoch_end()

def __len__(self):
'Denotes the number of batches per epoch'
return int(np.floor(len(self.list_IDs) / self.batch_size))

def __getitem__(self, index):
'Generate one batch of data'
# Generate indexes of the batch
#print('self.batch_size: ', self.batch_size)
print('index: ', index)
sys.exit()

def on_epoch_end(self):
'Updates indexes after each epoch'
self.indexes = np.arange(len(self.list_IDs))
print('self.indexes: ', self.indexes)
if self.shuffle == True:
np.random.shuffle(self.indexes)

def __data_generation(self, list_IDs_temp):
'Generates data containing batch_size samples' # X : (n_samples, *dim, n_channels)

X1 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 10), dtype=float)
X2 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 12), dtype=int)

#Generate data
for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs_temp):
print('i is: ', i, 'ID is: ', ID)

#Preprocess this sample (omitted)
X1[i,] = np.repeat(1, X1.shape[1])
X2[i,] = np.repeat(2, X2.shape[1])

Y = X1[:,:-1]
return X1, X2, Y

if __name__=='__main__':
train_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(1, 321)) #1, 2, ...,320
valid_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(321, 481)) #321, 322, ..., 480

params = {'batch_size': 32}

train_generator = DataGenerator(train_ids_to_use, **params)
valid_generator = DataGenerator(valid_ids_to_use, **params)

#Build a toy model
input_1 = Input(shape=(3, 10))
input_2 = Input(shape=(3, 12))
y_input = Input(shape=(3, 10))

concat_1 = keras.layers.concatenate([input_1, input_2])
concat_2 = keras.layers.concatenate([concat_1, y_input])

dense_1 = Dense(10, activation='relu')(concat_2)
output_1 = Dense(10, activation='sigmoid')(dense_1)

model = Model([input_1, input_2, y_input], output_1)
print(model.summary())

#Compile and fit_generator
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.001), loss=binary_crossentropy)
model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, validation_data = valid_generator, epochs=2, verbose=2)


I don't want to shuffle my input data. I thought that was getting handled, but in my code, when I print out index in __get_item__, I get random numbers. I would like consecutive numbers. Notice I'm trying to kill the process using sys.exit inside __getitem__ to see what's going on.



My questions:




  1. Why does index not go consecutively? How can I fix this?


  2. When I run this in the terminal using screen, why doesn't it respond to Ctrl+C?











share|improve this question
























  • I think you can achieve that by passing shuffle=False to fit_generator method?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:43










  • Hi, thanks for your reply. I did that as a default in the __init__, and I tested later whether the index values were getting shuffled by the if statement in on_epoch_end. I found that things in the if statement did not get executed, which I think means that shuffle is indeed false.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:48












  • You want the batch indices to be generated consecutively, right? So that's what shuffle=False argument of fit_generator is. Have you tried it?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:49










  • Yes, please see the above comment.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:50










  • Sorry, I don't get that. On my machine, when I set shuffle=False in fit_generator call (not in the __init__ method), I would get consecutive indices.
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:53
















2














I followed this tutorial to create a custom generator for my Keras model. Here is an MWE that shows the issues I'm facing:



import sys, keras
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import pandas as pd
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Dense, Input
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.losses import binary_crossentropy

class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
'Generates data for Keras'
def __init__(self, list_IDs, batch_size, shuffle=False):
'Initialization'
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.list_IDs = list_IDs
self.shuffle = shuffle
self.on_epoch_end()

def __len__(self):
'Denotes the number of batches per epoch'
return int(np.floor(len(self.list_IDs) / self.batch_size))

def __getitem__(self, index):
'Generate one batch of data'
# Generate indexes of the batch
#print('self.batch_size: ', self.batch_size)
print('index: ', index)
sys.exit()

def on_epoch_end(self):
'Updates indexes after each epoch'
self.indexes = np.arange(len(self.list_IDs))
print('self.indexes: ', self.indexes)
if self.shuffle == True:
np.random.shuffle(self.indexes)

def __data_generation(self, list_IDs_temp):
'Generates data containing batch_size samples' # X : (n_samples, *dim, n_channels)

X1 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 10), dtype=float)
X2 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 12), dtype=int)

#Generate data
for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs_temp):
print('i is: ', i, 'ID is: ', ID)

#Preprocess this sample (omitted)
X1[i,] = np.repeat(1, X1.shape[1])
X2[i,] = np.repeat(2, X2.shape[1])

Y = X1[:,:-1]
return X1, X2, Y

if __name__=='__main__':
train_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(1, 321)) #1, 2, ...,320
valid_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(321, 481)) #321, 322, ..., 480

params = {'batch_size': 32}

train_generator = DataGenerator(train_ids_to_use, **params)
valid_generator = DataGenerator(valid_ids_to_use, **params)

#Build a toy model
input_1 = Input(shape=(3, 10))
input_2 = Input(shape=(3, 12))
y_input = Input(shape=(3, 10))

concat_1 = keras.layers.concatenate([input_1, input_2])
concat_2 = keras.layers.concatenate([concat_1, y_input])

dense_1 = Dense(10, activation='relu')(concat_2)
output_1 = Dense(10, activation='sigmoid')(dense_1)

model = Model([input_1, input_2, y_input], output_1)
print(model.summary())

#Compile and fit_generator
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.001), loss=binary_crossentropy)
model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, validation_data = valid_generator, epochs=2, verbose=2)


I don't want to shuffle my input data. I thought that was getting handled, but in my code, when I print out index in __get_item__, I get random numbers. I would like consecutive numbers. Notice I'm trying to kill the process using sys.exit inside __getitem__ to see what's going on.



My questions:




  1. Why does index not go consecutively? How can I fix this?


  2. When I run this in the terminal using screen, why doesn't it respond to Ctrl+C?











share|improve this question
























  • I think you can achieve that by passing shuffle=False to fit_generator method?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:43










  • Hi, thanks for your reply. I did that as a default in the __init__, and I tested later whether the index values were getting shuffled by the if statement in on_epoch_end. I found that things in the if statement did not get executed, which I think means that shuffle is indeed false.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:48












  • You want the batch indices to be generated consecutively, right? So that's what shuffle=False argument of fit_generator is. Have you tried it?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:49










  • Yes, please see the above comment.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:50










  • Sorry, I don't get that. On my machine, when I set shuffle=False in fit_generator call (not in the __init__ method), I would get consecutive indices.
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:53














2












2








2







I followed this tutorial to create a custom generator for my Keras model. Here is an MWE that shows the issues I'm facing:



import sys, keras
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import pandas as pd
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Dense, Input
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.losses import binary_crossentropy

class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
'Generates data for Keras'
def __init__(self, list_IDs, batch_size, shuffle=False):
'Initialization'
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.list_IDs = list_IDs
self.shuffle = shuffle
self.on_epoch_end()

def __len__(self):
'Denotes the number of batches per epoch'
return int(np.floor(len(self.list_IDs) / self.batch_size))

def __getitem__(self, index):
'Generate one batch of data'
# Generate indexes of the batch
#print('self.batch_size: ', self.batch_size)
print('index: ', index)
sys.exit()

def on_epoch_end(self):
'Updates indexes after each epoch'
self.indexes = np.arange(len(self.list_IDs))
print('self.indexes: ', self.indexes)
if self.shuffle == True:
np.random.shuffle(self.indexes)

def __data_generation(self, list_IDs_temp):
'Generates data containing batch_size samples' # X : (n_samples, *dim, n_channels)

X1 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 10), dtype=float)
X2 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 12), dtype=int)

#Generate data
for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs_temp):
print('i is: ', i, 'ID is: ', ID)

#Preprocess this sample (omitted)
X1[i,] = np.repeat(1, X1.shape[1])
X2[i,] = np.repeat(2, X2.shape[1])

Y = X1[:,:-1]
return X1, X2, Y

if __name__=='__main__':
train_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(1, 321)) #1, 2, ...,320
valid_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(321, 481)) #321, 322, ..., 480

params = {'batch_size': 32}

train_generator = DataGenerator(train_ids_to_use, **params)
valid_generator = DataGenerator(valid_ids_to_use, **params)

#Build a toy model
input_1 = Input(shape=(3, 10))
input_2 = Input(shape=(3, 12))
y_input = Input(shape=(3, 10))

concat_1 = keras.layers.concatenate([input_1, input_2])
concat_2 = keras.layers.concatenate([concat_1, y_input])

dense_1 = Dense(10, activation='relu')(concat_2)
output_1 = Dense(10, activation='sigmoid')(dense_1)

model = Model([input_1, input_2, y_input], output_1)
print(model.summary())

#Compile and fit_generator
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.001), loss=binary_crossentropy)
model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, validation_data = valid_generator, epochs=2, verbose=2)


I don't want to shuffle my input data. I thought that was getting handled, but in my code, when I print out index in __get_item__, I get random numbers. I would like consecutive numbers. Notice I'm trying to kill the process using sys.exit inside __getitem__ to see what's going on.



My questions:




  1. Why does index not go consecutively? How can I fix this?


  2. When I run this in the terminal using screen, why doesn't it respond to Ctrl+C?











share|improve this question















I followed this tutorial to create a custom generator for my Keras model. Here is an MWE that shows the issues I'm facing:



import sys, keras
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import pandas as pd
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Dense, Input
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.losses import binary_crossentropy

class DataGenerator(keras.utils.Sequence):
'Generates data for Keras'
def __init__(self, list_IDs, batch_size, shuffle=False):
'Initialization'
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.list_IDs = list_IDs
self.shuffle = shuffle
self.on_epoch_end()

def __len__(self):
'Denotes the number of batches per epoch'
return int(np.floor(len(self.list_IDs) / self.batch_size))

def __getitem__(self, index):
'Generate one batch of data'
# Generate indexes of the batch
#print('self.batch_size: ', self.batch_size)
print('index: ', index)
sys.exit()

def on_epoch_end(self):
'Updates indexes after each epoch'
self.indexes = np.arange(len(self.list_IDs))
print('self.indexes: ', self.indexes)
if self.shuffle == True:
np.random.shuffle(self.indexes)

def __data_generation(self, list_IDs_temp):
'Generates data containing batch_size samples' # X : (n_samples, *dim, n_channels)

X1 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 10), dtype=float)
X2 = np.empty((self.batch_size, 12), dtype=int)

#Generate data
for i, ID in enumerate(list_IDs_temp):
print('i is: ', i, 'ID is: ', ID)

#Preprocess this sample (omitted)
X1[i,] = np.repeat(1, X1.shape[1])
X2[i,] = np.repeat(2, X2.shape[1])

Y = X1[:,:-1]
return X1, X2, Y

if __name__=='__main__':
train_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(1, 321)) #1, 2, ...,320
valid_ids_to_use = list(np.arange(321, 481)) #321, 322, ..., 480

params = {'batch_size': 32}

train_generator = DataGenerator(train_ids_to_use, **params)
valid_generator = DataGenerator(valid_ids_to_use, **params)

#Build a toy model
input_1 = Input(shape=(3, 10))
input_2 = Input(shape=(3, 12))
y_input = Input(shape=(3, 10))

concat_1 = keras.layers.concatenate([input_1, input_2])
concat_2 = keras.layers.concatenate([concat_1, y_input])

dense_1 = Dense(10, activation='relu')(concat_2)
output_1 = Dense(10, activation='sigmoid')(dense_1)

model = Model([input_1, input_2, y_input], output_1)
print(model.summary())

#Compile and fit_generator
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.001), loss=binary_crossentropy)
model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, validation_data = valid_generator, epochs=2, verbose=2)


I don't want to shuffle my input data. I thought that was getting handled, but in my code, when I print out index in __get_item__, I get random numbers. I would like consecutive numbers. Notice I'm trying to kill the process using sys.exit inside __getitem__ to see what's going on.



My questions:




  1. Why does index not go consecutively? How can I fix this?


  2. When I run this in the terminal using screen, why doesn't it respond to Ctrl+C?








python keras generator






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Nov 25 '18 at 19:16









today

10.1k21536




10.1k21536










asked Nov 23 '18 at 2:54









StatsSorceress

98311738




98311738












  • I think you can achieve that by passing shuffle=False to fit_generator method?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:43










  • Hi, thanks for your reply. I did that as a default in the __init__, and I tested later whether the index values were getting shuffled by the if statement in on_epoch_end. I found that things in the if statement did not get executed, which I think means that shuffle is indeed false.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:48












  • You want the batch indices to be generated consecutively, right? So that's what shuffle=False argument of fit_generator is. Have you tried it?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:49










  • Yes, please see the above comment.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:50










  • Sorry, I don't get that. On my machine, when I set shuffle=False in fit_generator call (not in the __init__ method), I would get consecutive indices.
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:53


















  • I think you can achieve that by passing shuffle=False to fit_generator method?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:43










  • Hi, thanks for your reply. I did that as a default in the __init__, and I tested later whether the index values were getting shuffled by the if statement in on_epoch_end. I found that things in the if statement did not get executed, which I think means that shuffle is indeed false.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:48












  • You want the batch indices to be generated consecutively, right? So that's what shuffle=False argument of fit_generator is. Have you tried it?
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:49










  • Yes, please see the above comment.
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:50










  • Sorry, I don't get that. On my machine, when I set shuffle=False in fit_generator call (not in the __init__ method), I would get consecutive indices.
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 18:53
















I think you can achieve that by passing shuffle=False to fit_generator method?
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 18:43




I think you can achieve that by passing shuffle=False to fit_generator method?
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 18:43












Hi, thanks for your reply. I did that as a default in the __init__, and I tested later whether the index values were getting shuffled by the if statement in on_epoch_end. I found that things in the if statement did not get executed, which I think means that shuffle is indeed false.
– StatsSorceress
Nov 25 '18 at 18:48






Hi, thanks for your reply. I did that as a default in the __init__, and I tested later whether the index values were getting shuffled by the if statement in on_epoch_end. I found that things in the if statement did not get executed, which I think means that shuffle is indeed false.
– StatsSorceress
Nov 25 '18 at 18:48














You want the batch indices to be generated consecutively, right? So that's what shuffle=False argument of fit_generator is. Have you tried it?
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 18:49




You want the batch indices to be generated consecutively, right? So that's what shuffle=False argument of fit_generator is. Have you tried it?
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 18:49












Yes, please see the above comment.
– StatsSorceress
Nov 25 '18 at 18:50




Yes, please see the above comment.
– StatsSorceress
Nov 25 '18 at 18:50












Sorry, I don't get that. On my machine, when I set shuffle=False in fit_generator call (not in the __init__ method), I would get consecutive indices.
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 18:53




Sorry, I don't get that. On my machine, when I set shuffle=False in fit_generator call (not in the __init__ method), I would get consecutive indices.
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 18:53












1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















2





+50









You can use shuffle argument of fit_generator method to generate batches consecutively. From fit_generator() documentation:




shuffle: Boolean. Whether to shuffle the order of the batches at the beginning of each epoch. Only used with instances of Sequence (keras.utils.Sequence). Has no effect when steps_per_epoch is not None.




Just pass shuffle=False to fit_generator:



model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, shuffle=False, ...)





share|improve this answer























  • Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:07










  • @StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:12











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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









2





+50









You can use shuffle argument of fit_generator method to generate batches consecutively. From fit_generator() documentation:




shuffle: Boolean. Whether to shuffle the order of the batches at the beginning of each epoch. Only used with instances of Sequence (keras.utils.Sequence). Has no effect when steps_per_epoch is not None.




Just pass shuffle=False to fit_generator:



model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, shuffle=False, ...)





share|improve this answer























  • Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:07










  • @StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:12
















2





+50









You can use shuffle argument of fit_generator method to generate batches consecutively. From fit_generator() documentation:




shuffle: Boolean. Whether to shuffle the order of the batches at the beginning of each epoch. Only used with instances of Sequence (keras.utils.Sequence). Has no effect when steps_per_epoch is not None.




Just pass shuffle=False to fit_generator:



model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, shuffle=False, ...)





share|improve this answer























  • Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:07










  • @StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:12














2





+50







2





+50



2




+50




You can use shuffle argument of fit_generator method to generate batches consecutively. From fit_generator() documentation:




shuffle: Boolean. Whether to shuffle the order of the batches at the beginning of each epoch. Only used with instances of Sequence (keras.utils.Sequence). Has no effect when steps_per_epoch is not None.




Just pass shuffle=False to fit_generator:



model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, shuffle=False, ...)





share|improve this answer














You can use shuffle argument of fit_generator method to generate batches consecutively. From fit_generator() documentation:




shuffle: Boolean. Whether to shuffle the order of the batches at the beginning of each epoch. Only used with instances of Sequence (keras.utils.Sequence). Has no effect when steps_per_epoch is not None.




Just pass shuffle=False to fit_generator:



model.fit_generator(generator=train_generator, shuffle=False, ...)






share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited Nov 25 '18 at 19:07

























answered Nov 25 '18 at 19:05









today

10.1k21536




10.1k21536












  • Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:07










  • @StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:12


















  • Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
    – StatsSorceress
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:07










  • @StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
    – today
    Nov 25 '18 at 19:12
















Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
– StatsSorceress
Nov 25 '18 at 19:07




Okay, please let me check my understanding: fit_generator is not being overridden, it belongs to Keras and has its own parameters. What I'm doing with DataGenerator is creating my own generators (train_generator and valid_generator) to create slices of the data for Keras to use. But why does that mean I need to specify shuffle=False in the call to fit_generator, instead of in my own generators?
– StatsSorceress
Nov 25 '18 at 19:07












@StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 19:12




@StatsSorceress fit_generator has been implemented such that it would call the __getitem__ method of the Sequence with a given index value. So it is the fit_generator which gives you the index of the batch to be generated. Passing shuffle=False to fit_generator forces it give batch indices in order, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
– today
Nov 25 '18 at 19:12


















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