Prove that $1^2 cdot 3^2 cdot 5^2cdots (p-2)^2equiv (-1)^{frac{p+1}{2}} pmod p$











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$1^2 cdot 3^2 cdot 5^2cdots (p-2)^2equiv (-1)^{frac{p+1}{2}}pmod p$



I saw that I can use Wilson's theorem that $(p-1)!equiv -1 pmod p$ and that they change something, they said put on even number $frac{p+1}{2}$ so now you prove it but I do not understand can you help me?










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    up vote
    0
    down vote

    favorite












    $1^2 cdot 3^2 cdot 5^2cdots (p-2)^2equiv (-1)^{frac{p+1}{2}}pmod p$



    I saw that I can use Wilson's theorem that $(p-1)!equiv -1 pmod p$ and that they change something, they said put on even number $frac{p+1}{2}$ so now you prove it but I do not understand can you help me?










    share|cite|improve this question


























      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite











      $1^2 cdot 3^2 cdot 5^2cdots (p-2)^2equiv (-1)^{frac{p+1}{2}}pmod p$



      I saw that I can use Wilson's theorem that $(p-1)!equiv -1 pmod p$ and that they change something, they said put on even number $frac{p+1}{2}$ so now you prove it but I do not understand can you help me?










      share|cite|improve this question















      $1^2 cdot 3^2 cdot 5^2cdots (p-2)^2equiv (-1)^{frac{p+1}{2}}pmod p$



      I saw that I can use Wilson's theorem that $(p-1)!equiv -1 pmod p$ and that they change something, they said put on even number $frac{p+1}{2}$ so now you prove it but I do not understand can you help me?







      discrete-mathematics






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      edited Nov 25 at 20:47









      Jean-Claude Arbaut

      14.7k63363




      14.7k63363










      asked Nov 25 at 20:31









      Marko Škorić

      70310




      70310






















          1 Answer
          1






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          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted










          We work in the field $Bbb F_p$ with $p$ elements. (Same as $Bbb Z/p$, for the given prime $p$, i suppose it is a prime.)



          Then
          $$
          begin{aligned}
          -1 &= 1cdot 2cdot 3cdot 4cdot 5cdot 6cdot dots cdot (p-2)cdot(p-1)
          \
          &=1color{red}{cdot (-2)}cdot 3color{red}{cdot (-4)}cdot 5color{red}{cdot (-6)}cdot dots cdot (p-2)color{red}{cdot(-(p-1))}
          color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
          \
          &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
          color{red}{cdot (-2)cdot (-4)cdot (-6)cdot dots cdot(-(p-1))}
          color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
          \
          &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
          color{red}{cdot (p-2)cdot (p-4)cdot (p-6)cdot dots cdot(p-(p-1))}
          color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
          \
          &=(1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2))^2
          color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
          .
          end{aligned}
          $$

          This leads to the answer...






          share|cite|improve this answer





















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            1 Answer
            1






            active

            oldest

            votes








            1 Answer
            1






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes








            up vote
            3
            down vote



            accepted










            We work in the field $Bbb F_p$ with $p$ elements. (Same as $Bbb Z/p$, for the given prime $p$, i suppose it is a prime.)



            Then
            $$
            begin{aligned}
            -1 &= 1cdot 2cdot 3cdot 4cdot 5cdot 6cdot dots cdot (p-2)cdot(p-1)
            \
            &=1color{red}{cdot (-2)}cdot 3color{red}{cdot (-4)}cdot 5color{red}{cdot (-6)}cdot dots cdot (p-2)color{red}{cdot(-(p-1))}
            color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
            \
            &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
            color{red}{cdot (-2)cdot (-4)cdot (-6)cdot dots cdot(-(p-1))}
            color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
            \
            &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
            color{red}{cdot (p-2)cdot (p-4)cdot (p-6)cdot dots cdot(p-(p-1))}
            color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
            \
            &=(1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2))^2
            color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
            .
            end{aligned}
            $$

            This leads to the answer...






            share|cite|improve this answer

























              up vote
              3
              down vote



              accepted










              We work in the field $Bbb F_p$ with $p$ elements. (Same as $Bbb Z/p$, for the given prime $p$, i suppose it is a prime.)



              Then
              $$
              begin{aligned}
              -1 &= 1cdot 2cdot 3cdot 4cdot 5cdot 6cdot dots cdot (p-2)cdot(p-1)
              \
              &=1color{red}{cdot (-2)}cdot 3color{red}{cdot (-4)}cdot 5color{red}{cdot (-6)}cdot dots cdot (p-2)color{red}{cdot(-(p-1))}
              color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
              \
              &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
              color{red}{cdot (-2)cdot (-4)cdot (-6)cdot dots cdot(-(p-1))}
              color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
              \
              &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
              color{red}{cdot (p-2)cdot (p-4)cdot (p-6)cdot dots cdot(p-(p-1))}
              color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
              \
              &=(1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2))^2
              color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
              .
              end{aligned}
              $$

              This leads to the answer...






              share|cite|improve this answer























                up vote
                3
                down vote



                accepted







                up vote
                3
                down vote



                accepted






                We work in the field $Bbb F_p$ with $p$ elements. (Same as $Bbb Z/p$, for the given prime $p$, i suppose it is a prime.)



                Then
                $$
                begin{aligned}
                -1 &= 1cdot 2cdot 3cdot 4cdot 5cdot 6cdot dots cdot (p-2)cdot(p-1)
                \
                &=1color{red}{cdot (-2)}cdot 3color{red}{cdot (-4)}cdot 5color{red}{cdot (-6)}cdot dots cdot (p-2)color{red}{cdot(-(p-1))}
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                \
                &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
                color{red}{cdot (-2)cdot (-4)cdot (-6)cdot dots cdot(-(p-1))}
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                \
                &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
                color{red}{cdot (p-2)cdot (p-4)cdot (p-6)cdot dots cdot(p-(p-1))}
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                \
                &=(1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2))^2
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                .
                end{aligned}
                $$

                This leads to the answer...






                share|cite|improve this answer












                We work in the field $Bbb F_p$ with $p$ elements. (Same as $Bbb Z/p$, for the given prime $p$, i suppose it is a prime.)



                Then
                $$
                begin{aligned}
                -1 &= 1cdot 2cdot 3cdot 4cdot 5cdot 6cdot dots cdot (p-2)cdot(p-1)
                \
                &=1color{red}{cdot (-2)}cdot 3color{red}{cdot (-4)}cdot 5color{red}{cdot (-6)}cdot dots cdot (p-2)color{red}{cdot(-(p-1))}
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                \
                &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
                color{red}{cdot (-2)cdot (-4)cdot (-6)cdot dots cdot(-(p-1))}
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                \
                &=1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2)
                color{red}{cdot (p-2)cdot (p-4)cdot (p-6)cdot dots cdot(p-(p-1))}
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                \
                &=(1cdot 3cdot 5cdot dots cdot (p-2))^2
                color{blue}{cdot(-1)^{(p-1)/2}}
                .
                end{aligned}
                $$

                This leads to the answer...







                share|cite|improve this answer












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                share|cite|improve this answer










                answered Nov 25 at 20:44









                dan_fulea

                6,1451312




                6,1451312






























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