Formality of commutative differential graded algebras












1














I want to understand the definition of a commutative differential graded algebra (CDGA) to be formal.

Actually I encountered two definitions, but I have trouble with both.



From Wikipedia:




A commutative differential graded algebra $A$, again with $A^0 = mathbb Q$, is called formal if $A$ has a model with vanishing differential. This is equivalent to requiring that the cohomology algebra of $A$ (viewed as a differential algebra with trivial differential) is a model for $A$ (though it does not have to be the minimal model).




From Griffiths, Morgan:




A space is said to be formal if the homotopy type of the DGA of forms on the space is the same as the homotopy type of the cohomology ring of the space. Thus, if $X$ is formal and $mathcal m_X$ is a minimal model for the forms on $X$, then there is a DGA map $mathcal m_Xto (H^*(X),d=0))$ which induces the identity on cohomology.




As far as I know, a CDGA is a model for another CDGA, if they are quasi-isomorphic (i.e. isomorphic in cohomology). A CDGA is a minimal model if it is a model and it is minimal (free and decomposable).





So here are my issues with the definitions:



Wikipedia: To me it seems that the complex $(H^*(A),d=0))$ always is a model of $A$.



Griffiths, Morgan: We already have the existence of an isomorphism $mathcal (H^*(m_X,d_mathcal m))to (H^*(X),d=0))$. But this is not strong enough, we need this to be the identity. But in order to speak about the identity, the spaces must be same, which they are only up to isomorphy.





It seems like I missed a crucial point of the definitions. But what is it?










share|cite|improve this question






















  • Two complexes can have isomorphic cohomology but not be quasi-isomorphic.
    – JHF
    Dec 5 '18 at 19:54










  • @JHF: So what is the real definition of quasi-isomorphy?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:18










  • @klirk Being quasi-isomorphic means there is -map- (in the category) inducing an isomorphism on cohomology, not just that the cohomology algebras as abstractly isomorphic. Compare this, to some extent, to the context of Whitehead’s theorem for CW complexes; two spaces can have the same homotopy groups and not be homotopy equivalent (e.g. $RP^3times S^2$ and $RP^2 times S^3$), but if there is a map inducing the isomorphism, then the spaces are in fact homotopy equivalent.
    – Aleksandar Milivojevic
    Dec 6 '18 at 13:21












  • Ah, I see. thx.
    – klirk
    Dec 6 '18 at 20:23
















1














I want to understand the definition of a commutative differential graded algebra (CDGA) to be formal.

Actually I encountered two definitions, but I have trouble with both.



From Wikipedia:




A commutative differential graded algebra $A$, again with $A^0 = mathbb Q$, is called formal if $A$ has a model with vanishing differential. This is equivalent to requiring that the cohomology algebra of $A$ (viewed as a differential algebra with trivial differential) is a model for $A$ (though it does not have to be the minimal model).




From Griffiths, Morgan:




A space is said to be formal if the homotopy type of the DGA of forms on the space is the same as the homotopy type of the cohomology ring of the space. Thus, if $X$ is formal and $mathcal m_X$ is a minimal model for the forms on $X$, then there is a DGA map $mathcal m_Xto (H^*(X),d=0))$ which induces the identity on cohomology.




As far as I know, a CDGA is a model for another CDGA, if they are quasi-isomorphic (i.e. isomorphic in cohomology). A CDGA is a minimal model if it is a model and it is minimal (free and decomposable).





So here are my issues with the definitions:



Wikipedia: To me it seems that the complex $(H^*(A),d=0))$ always is a model of $A$.



Griffiths, Morgan: We already have the existence of an isomorphism $mathcal (H^*(m_X,d_mathcal m))to (H^*(X),d=0))$. But this is not strong enough, we need this to be the identity. But in order to speak about the identity, the spaces must be same, which they are only up to isomorphy.





It seems like I missed a crucial point of the definitions. But what is it?










share|cite|improve this question






















  • Two complexes can have isomorphic cohomology but not be quasi-isomorphic.
    – JHF
    Dec 5 '18 at 19:54










  • @JHF: So what is the real definition of quasi-isomorphy?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:18










  • @klirk Being quasi-isomorphic means there is -map- (in the category) inducing an isomorphism on cohomology, not just that the cohomology algebras as abstractly isomorphic. Compare this, to some extent, to the context of Whitehead’s theorem for CW complexes; two spaces can have the same homotopy groups and not be homotopy equivalent (e.g. $RP^3times S^2$ and $RP^2 times S^3$), but if there is a map inducing the isomorphism, then the spaces are in fact homotopy equivalent.
    – Aleksandar Milivojevic
    Dec 6 '18 at 13:21












  • Ah, I see. thx.
    – klirk
    Dec 6 '18 at 20:23














1












1








1







I want to understand the definition of a commutative differential graded algebra (CDGA) to be formal.

Actually I encountered two definitions, but I have trouble with both.



From Wikipedia:




A commutative differential graded algebra $A$, again with $A^0 = mathbb Q$, is called formal if $A$ has a model with vanishing differential. This is equivalent to requiring that the cohomology algebra of $A$ (viewed as a differential algebra with trivial differential) is a model for $A$ (though it does not have to be the minimal model).




From Griffiths, Morgan:




A space is said to be formal if the homotopy type of the DGA of forms on the space is the same as the homotopy type of the cohomology ring of the space. Thus, if $X$ is formal and $mathcal m_X$ is a minimal model for the forms on $X$, then there is a DGA map $mathcal m_Xto (H^*(X),d=0))$ which induces the identity on cohomology.




As far as I know, a CDGA is a model for another CDGA, if they are quasi-isomorphic (i.e. isomorphic in cohomology). A CDGA is a minimal model if it is a model and it is minimal (free and decomposable).





So here are my issues with the definitions:



Wikipedia: To me it seems that the complex $(H^*(A),d=0))$ always is a model of $A$.



Griffiths, Morgan: We already have the existence of an isomorphism $mathcal (H^*(m_X,d_mathcal m))to (H^*(X),d=0))$. But this is not strong enough, we need this to be the identity. But in order to speak about the identity, the spaces must be same, which they are only up to isomorphy.





It seems like I missed a crucial point of the definitions. But what is it?










share|cite|improve this question













I want to understand the definition of a commutative differential graded algebra (CDGA) to be formal.

Actually I encountered two definitions, but I have trouble with both.



From Wikipedia:




A commutative differential graded algebra $A$, again with $A^0 = mathbb Q$, is called formal if $A$ has a model with vanishing differential. This is equivalent to requiring that the cohomology algebra of $A$ (viewed as a differential algebra with trivial differential) is a model for $A$ (though it does not have to be the minimal model).




From Griffiths, Morgan:




A space is said to be formal if the homotopy type of the DGA of forms on the space is the same as the homotopy type of the cohomology ring of the space. Thus, if $X$ is formal and $mathcal m_X$ is a minimal model for the forms on $X$, then there is a DGA map $mathcal m_Xto (H^*(X),d=0))$ which induces the identity on cohomology.




As far as I know, a CDGA is a model for another CDGA, if they are quasi-isomorphic (i.e. isomorphic in cohomology). A CDGA is a minimal model if it is a model and it is minimal (free and decomposable).





So here are my issues with the definitions:



Wikipedia: To me it seems that the complex $(H^*(A),d=0))$ always is a model of $A$.



Griffiths, Morgan: We already have the existence of an isomorphism $mathcal (H^*(m_X,d_mathcal m))to (H^*(X),d=0))$. But this is not strong enough, we need this to be the identity. But in order to speak about the identity, the spaces must be same, which they are only up to isomorphy.





It seems like I missed a crucial point of the definitions. But what is it?







abstract-algebra algebraic-topology homology-cohomology homotopy-theory rational-homotopy-theory






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked Dec 5 '18 at 17:45









klirkklirk

2,619530




2,619530












  • Two complexes can have isomorphic cohomology but not be quasi-isomorphic.
    – JHF
    Dec 5 '18 at 19:54










  • @JHF: So what is the real definition of quasi-isomorphy?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:18










  • @klirk Being quasi-isomorphic means there is -map- (in the category) inducing an isomorphism on cohomology, not just that the cohomology algebras as abstractly isomorphic. Compare this, to some extent, to the context of Whitehead’s theorem for CW complexes; two spaces can have the same homotopy groups and not be homotopy equivalent (e.g. $RP^3times S^2$ and $RP^2 times S^3$), but if there is a map inducing the isomorphism, then the spaces are in fact homotopy equivalent.
    – Aleksandar Milivojevic
    Dec 6 '18 at 13:21












  • Ah, I see. thx.
    – klirk
    Dec 6 '18 at 20:23


















  • Two complexes can have isomorphic cohomology but not be quasi-isomorphic.
    – JHF
    Dec 5 '18 at 19:54










  • @JHF: So what is the real definition of quasi-isomorphy?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:18










  • @klirk Being quasi-isomorphic means there is -map- (in the category) inducing an isomorphism on cohomology, not just that the cohomology algebras as abstractly isomorphic. Compare this, to some extent, to the context of Whitehead’s theorem for CW complexes; two spaces can have the same homotopy groups and not be homotopy equivalent (e.g. $RP^3times S^2$ and $RP^2 times S^3$), but if there is a map inducing the isomorphism, then the spaces are in fact homotopy equivalent.
    – Aleksandar Milivojevic
    Dec 6 '18 at 13:21












  • Ah, I see. thx.
    – klirk
    Dec 6 '18 at 20:23
















Two complexes can have isomorphic cohomology but not be quasi-isomorphic.
– JHF
Dec 5 '18 at 19:54




Two complexes can have isomorphic cohomology but not be quasi-isomorphic.
– JHF
Dec 5 '18 at 19:54












@JHF: So what is the real definition of quasi-isomorphy?
– klirk
Dec 5 '18 at 21:18




@JHF: So what is the real definition of quasi-isomorphy?
– klirk
Dec 5 '18 at 21:18












@klirk Being quasi-isomorphic means there is -map- (in the category) inducing an isomorphism on cohomology, not just that the cohomology algebras as abstractly isomorphic. Compare this, to some extent, to the context of Whitehead’s theorem for CW complexes; two spaces can have the same homotopy groups and not be homotopy equivalent (e.g. $RP^3times S^2$ and $RP^2 times S^3$), but if there is a map inducing the isomorphism, then the spaces are in fact homotopy equivalent.
– Aleksandar Milivojevic
Dec 6 '18 at 13:21






@klirk Being quasi-isomorphic means there is -map- (in the category) inducing an isomorphism on cohomology, not just that the cohomology algebras as abstractly isomorphic. Compare this, to some extent, to the context of Whitehead’s theorem for CW complexes; two spaces can have the same homotopy groups and not be homotopy equivalent (e.g. $RP^3times S^2$ and $RP^2 times S^3$), but if there is a map inducing the isomorphism, then the spaces are in fact homotopy equivalent.
– Aleksandar Milivojevic
Dec 6 '18 at 13:21














Ah, I see. thx.
– klirk
Dec 6 '18 at 20:23




Ah, I see. thx.
– klirk
Dec 6 '18 at 20:23










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















4














You need to distinguish between maps of complexes and maps of cdgas. I'll work over a field $k$. If $(C,d)$ is a complex of $k$-vector spaces, then it's true that $C$ is quasi-isomorphic to $(H(C),0)$, via taking sections (which we can do because every vector space is a projective module; over more general rings it is not true that every complex is quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology). If $(C,d)$ is in addition a cdga, then $(H(C),0)$ is a cdga as well. These two cdgas are quasi-isomorphic as complexes of vector spaces, but there may be no quasi-isomorphism between them that preserves the multiplicative structure. You can think of this as a derived version of the fact that a given vector space can admit many different algebra structures.



My go-to concrete example of a non-formal dga $A$ appears on page 13 of Hess's Rational Homotopy Theory: A Brief Introduction [https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0604626.pdf ] as the exterior algebra on three elements $u,v,w$ of degrees $3,3,5$ respectively, and with $d(w)=uv$. You can check that there is no cdga quasi-isomorphism $A to H(A)$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:29






  • 1




    Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
    – Matt Booth
    Dec 5 '18 at 22:09













Your Answer





StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});














draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3027400%2fformality-of-commutative-differential-graded-algebras%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









4














You need to distinguish between maps of complexes and maps of cdgas. I'll work over a field $k$. If $(C,d)$ is a complex of $k$-vector spaces, then it's true that $C$ is quasi-isomorphic to $(H(C),0)$, via taking sections (which we can do because every vector space is a projective module; over more general rings it is not true that every complex is quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology). If $(C,d)$ is in addition a cdga, then $(H(C),0)$ is a cdga as well. These two cdgas are quasi-isomorphic as complexes of vector spaces, but there may be no quasi-isomorphism between them that preserves the multiplicative structure. You can think of this as a derived version of the fact that a given vector space can admit many different algebra structures.



My go-to concrete example of a non-formal dga $A$ appears on page 13 of Hess's Rational Homotopy Theory: A Brief Introduction [https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0604626.pdf ] as the exterior algebra on three elements $u,v,w$ of degrees $3,3,5$ respectively, and with $d(w)=uv$. You can check that there is no cdga quasi-isomorphism $A to H(A)$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:29






  • 1




    Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
    – Matt Booth
    Dec 5 '18 at 22:09


















4














You need to distinguish between maps of complexes and maps of cdgas. I'll work over a field $k$. If $(C,d)$ is a complex of $k$-vector spaces, then it's true that $C$ is quasi-isomorphic to $(H(C),0)$, via taking sections (which we can do because every vector space is a projective module; over more general rings it is not true that every complex is quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology). If $(C,d)$ is in addition a cdga, then $(H(C),0)$ is a cdga as well. These two cdgas are quasi-isomorphic as complexes of vector spaces, but there may be no quasi-isomorphism between them that preserves the multiplicative structure. You can think of this as a derived version of the fact that a given vector space can admit many different algebra structures.



My go-to concrete example of a non-formal dga $A$ appears on page 13 of Hess's Rational Homotopy Theory: A Brief Introduction [https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0604626.pdf ] as the exterior algebra on three elements $u,v,w$ of degrees $3,3,5$ respectively, and with $d(w)=uv$. You can check that there is no cdga quasi-isomorphism $A to H(A)$.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:29






  • 1




    Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
    – Matt Booth
    Dec 5 '18 at 22:09
















4












4








4






You need to distinguish between maps of complexes and maps of cdgas. I'll work over a field $k$. If $(C,d)$ is a complex of $k$-vector spaces, then it's true that $C$ is quasi-isomorphic to $(H(C),0)$, via taking sections (which we can do because every vector space is a projective module; over more general rings it is not true that every complex is quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology). If $(C,d)$ is in addition a cdga, then $(H(C),0)$ is a cdga as well. These two cdgas are quasi-isomorphic as complexes of vector spaces, but there may be no quasi-isomorphism between them that preserves the multiplicative structure. You can think of this as a derived version of the fact that a given vector space can admit many different algebra structures.



My go-to concrete example of a non-formal dga $A$ appears on page 13 of Hess's Rational Homotopy Theory: A Brief Introduction [https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0604626.pdf ] as the exterior algebra on three elements $u,v,w$ of degrees $3,3,5$ respectively, and with $d(w)=uv$. You can check that there is no cdga quasi-isomorphism $A to H(A)$.






share|cite|improve this answer












You need to distinguish between maps of complexes and maps of cdgas. I'll work over a field $k$. If $(C,d)$ is a complex of $k$-vector spaces, then it's true that $C$ is quasi-isomorphic to $(H(C),0)$, via taking sections (which we can do because every vector space is a projective module; over more general rings it is not true that every complex is quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology). If $(C,d)$ is in addition a cdga, then $(H(C),0)$ is a cdga as well. These two cdgas are quasi-isomorphic as complexes of vector spaces, but there may be no quasi-isomorphism between them that preserves the multiplicative structure. You can think of this as a derived version of the fact that a given vector space can admit many different algebra structures.



My go-to concrete example of a non-formal dga $A$ appears on page 13 of Hess's Rational Homotopy Theory: A Brief Introduction [https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0604626.pdf ] as the exterior algebra on three elements $u,v,w$ of degrees $3,3,5$ respectively, and with $d(w)=uv$. You can check that there is no cdga quasi-isomorphism $A to H(A)$.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Dec 5 '18 at 20:41









Matt BoothMatt Booth

563




563












  • Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:29






  • 1




    Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
    – Matt Booth
    Dec 5 '18 at 22:09




















  • Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
    – klirk
    Dec 5 '18 at 21:29






  • 1




    Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
    – Matt Booth
    Dec 5 '18 at 22:09


















Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
– klirk
Dec 5 '18 at 21:29




Thank you for linking the example. Its a lot clearer now. So the quasi-isomorphy must also be an isomorphy of CDGA? Do you know what Griffiths and Morgan mean with "identity"?
– klirk
Dec 5 '18 at 21:29




1




1




Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
– Matt Booth
Dec 5 '18 at 22:09






Yes, you need a quasi-isomorphism of cdgas. In other words, $A$ is a formal cdga if and only if there is a zigzag of cdga morphisms $A leftarrow tilde{A} to H(A)$ with both maps quasi-isomorphisms. If you are working with nonnegatively graded cdgas you can take $tilde A$ to be a minimal model of $A$. This is where Griffiths and Morgan's map comes from, although I am not sure what they mean by 'identity' (as opposed to just `isomorphism').
– Matt Booth
Dec 5 '18 at 22:09




















draft saved

draft discarded




















































Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3027400%2fformality-of-commutative-differential-graded-algebras%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

Berounka

Sphinx de Gizeh

Different font size/position of beamer's navigation symbols template's content depending on regular/plain...