What is __declspec and when do I need to use it?












122















I have seen instances of __declspec in the code that I am reading. What is it? And when would I need to use this construct?






c++







share|improve this question





























    122















    I have seen instances of __declspec in the code that I am reading. What is it? And when would I need to use this construct?






    c++







    share|improve this question



























      122












      122








      122


      30






      I have seen instances of __declspec in the code that I am reading. What is it? And when would I need to use this construct?






      c++







      share|improve this question
















      I have seen instances of __declspec in the code that I am reading. What is it? And when would I need to use this construct?






      c++




      c++






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Nov 23 '18 at 16:24









      kvantour

      8,39831230




      8,39831230










      asked Feb 17 '10 at 21:42









      Scott JScott J

      1,06741313




      1,06741313
























          6 Answers
          6






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          62














          This is a Microsoft specific extension to the C++ language which allows you to attribute a type or function with storage class information.



          Documentation



          __declspec (C++)






          share|improve this answer





















          • 12





            Thanks - but what would I use it for?

            – Scott J
            Feb 17 '10 at 21:45






          • 4





            For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

            – Seva Alekseyev
            Feb 17 '10 at 21:49








          • 1





            @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

            – MasterMastic
            Aug 14 '12 at 21:29





















          42














          The canonical examples are __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport), which instruct the linker to import and export (respectively) a symbol from or to a DLL.



          // header
          
__declspec(dllimport) void foo();
          

          

          
// code - this calls foo() somewhere in a DLL
          
foo();


          (__declspec(..) just wraps up Microsoft's specific stuff - to achieve compatibility, one would usually wrap it away with macros)






          share|improve this answer





















          • 9





            how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

            – tetris
            May 14 '12 at 10:21






          • 6





            @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

            – Euro Micelli
            Nov 1 '13 at 10:57



















          18














          It is mostly used for importing symbols from / exporting symbols to a shared library (DLL). Both Visual C++ and GCC compilers support __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport). Other uses (some Microsoft-only) are documented in the MSDN.






          share|improve this answer

































            11














            Another example to illustrate the __declspec keyword:



            When you are writing a Windows Kernel Driver, sometimes you want to write your own prolog/epilog code sequences using inline assembler code, so you could declare your function with the naked attribute.



            __declspec( naked ) int func( formal_parameters ) {}


            Or



            #define Naked __declspec( naked )
            
Naked int func( formal_parameters ) {}


            Please refer to naked (C++)






            share|improve this answer

































              6














              Essentially, it's the way Microsoft introduces its C++ extensions so that they won't conflict with future extensions of standard C++. With __declspec, you can attribute a function or class; the exact meaning varies depending on the nature of __declspec. __declspec(naked), for example, suppresses prolog/epilog generation (for interrupt handlers, embeddable code, etc), __declspec(thread) makes a variable thread-local, and so on.



              The full list of __declspec attributes is available on MSDN, and varies by compiler version and platform.






              share|improve this answer



















              • 1





                Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                – user2338150
                Jul 4 '17 at 6:03





















              0














              I know it's been eight years but I wanted to share this piece of code found in MRuby that shows how __declspec() can bee used at the same level as the export keyword.



              /** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
              
#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
              
#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
              
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
              
#else
              
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
              
#endif
              
#else
              
# define MRB_API extern
              
#endif





              share|improve this answer























                Your Answer






                StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
                StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function () {
                StackExchange.using("snippets", function () {
                StackExchange.snippets.init();
                });
                });
                }, "code-snippets");

                StackExchange.ready(function() {
                var channelOptions = {
                tags: "".split(" "),
                id: "1"
                };
                initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

                StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
                // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
                if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
                StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
                createEditor();
                });
                }
                else {
                createEditor();
                }
                });

                function createEditor() {
                StackExchange.prepareEditor({
                heartbeatType: 'answer',
                autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
                convertImagesToLinks: true,
                noModals: true,
                showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
                reputationToPostImages: 10,
                bindNavPrevention: true,
                postfix: "",
                imageUploader: {
                brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
                contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
                allowUrls: true
                },
                onDemand: true,
                discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
                ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
                });


                }
                });














                draft saved

                draft discarded


















                StackExchange.ready(
                function () {
                StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f2284610%2fwhat-is-declspec-and-when-do-i-need-to-use-it%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                }
                );

                Post as a guest















                Required, but never shown

























                6 Answers
                6






                active

                oldest

                votes








                6 Answers
                6






                active

                oldest

                votes









                active

                oldest

                votes






                active

                oldest

                votes









                62














                This is a Microsoft specific extension to the C++ language which allows you to attribute a type or function with storage class information.



                Documentation



                __declspec (C++)






                share|improve this answer





















                • 12





                  Thanks - but what would I use it for?

                  – Scott J
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:45






                • 4





                  For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

                  – Seva Alekseyev
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:49








                • 1





                  @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

                  – MasterMastic
                  Aug 14 '12 at 21:29


















                62














                This is a Microsoft specific extension to the C++ language which allows you to attribute a type or function with storage class information.



                Documentation



                __declspec (C++)






                share|improve this answer





















                • 12





                  Thanks - but what would I use it for?

                  – Scott J
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:45






                • 4





                  For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

                  – Seva Alekseyev
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:49








                • 1





                  @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

                  – MasterMastic
                  Aug 14 '12 at 21:29
















                62












                62








                62







                This is a Microsoft specific extension to the C++ language which allows you to attribute a type or function with storage class information.



                Documentation



                __declspec (C++)






                share|improve this answer















                This is a Microsoft specific extension to the C++ language which allows you to attribute a type or function with storage class information.



                Documentation



                __declspec (C++)







                share|improve this answer














                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer








                edited Dec 13 '17 at 4:02









                Mark Benningfield

                1,32141421




                1,32141421










                answered Feb 17 '10 at 21:44









                JaredParJaredPar

                570k11910581342




                570k11910581342








                • 12





                  Thanks - but what would I use it for?

                  – Scott J
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:45






                • 4





                  For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

                  – Seva Alekseyev
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:49








                • 1





                  @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

                  – MasterMastic
                  Aug 14 '12 at 21:29
















                • 12





                  Thanks - but what would I use it for?

                  – Scott J
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:45






                • 4





                  For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

                  – Seva Alekseyev
                  Feb 17 '10 at 21:49








                • 1





                  @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

                  – MasterMastic
                  Aug 14 '12 at 21:29










                12




                12





                Thanks - but what would I use it for?

                – Scott J
                Feb 17 '10 at 21:45





                Thanks - but what would I use it for?

                – Scott J
                Feb 17 '10 at 21:45




                4




                4





                For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

                – Seva Alekseyev
                Feb 17 '10 at 21:49







                For declaring COM interfaces and classes, for example, you use __declspec(uuid), for exporting functions sans a DEF file you use __declspec(dllexport), etc. The full list is quite long.

                – Seva Alekseyev
                Feb 17 '10 at 21:49






                1




                1





                @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

                – MasterMastic
                Aug 14 '12 at 21:29







                @ScottJ I constantly use it for properties: __declspec(property(get=X put=X)) data-type identifier. MSDN has more details of course. As a "C# to C/C++ programmer" it's a bliss!

                – MasterMastic
                Aug 14 '12 at 21:29















                42














                The canonical examples are __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport), which instruct the linker to import and export (respectively) a symbol from or to a DLL.



                // header
                
__declspec(dllimport) void foo();
                

                

                
// code - this calls foo() somewhere in a DLL
                
foo();


                (__declspec(..) just wraps up Microsoft's specific stuff - to achieve compatibility, one would usually wrap it away with macros)






                share|improve this answer





















                • 9





                  how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

                  – tetris
                  May 14 '12 at 10:21






                • 6





                  @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

                  – Euro Micelli
                  Nov 1 '13 at 10:57
















                42














                The canonical examples are __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport), which instruct the linker to import and export (respectively) a symbol from or to a DLL.



                // header
                
__declspec(dllimport) void foo();
                

                

                
// code - this calls foo() somewhere in a DLL
                
foo();


                (__declspec(..) just wraps up Microsoft's specific stuff - to achieve compatibility, one would usually wrap it away with macros)






                share|improve this answer





















                • 9





                  how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

                  – tetris
                  May 14 '12 at 10:21






                • 6





                  @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

                  – Euro Micelli
                  Nov 1 '13 at 10:57














                42












                42








                42







                The canonical examples are __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport), which instruct the linker to import and export (respectively) a symbol from or to a DLL.



                // header
                
__declspec(dllimport) void foo();
                

                

                
// code - this calls foo() somewhere in a DLL
                
foo();


                (__declspec(..) just wraps up Microsoft's specific stuff - to achieve compatibility, one would usually wrap it away with macros)






                share|improve this answer















                The canonical examples are __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport), which instruct the linker to import and export (respectively) a symbol from or to a DLL.



                // header
                
__declspec(dllimport) void foo();
                

                

                
// code - this calls foo() somewhere in a DLL
                
foo();


                (__declspec(..) just wraps up Microsoft's specific stuff - to achieve compatibility, one would usually wrap it away with macros)







                share|improve this answer














                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer








                edited Jan 11 '12 at 15:53









                Robino

                2,19011832




                2,19011832










                answered Feb 17 '10 at 21:46









                Alexander GesslerAlexander Gessler

                38.7k570113




                38.7k570113








                • 9





                  how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

                  – tetris
                  May 14 '12 at 10:21






                • 6





                  @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

                  – Euro Micelli
                  Nov 1 '13 at 10:57














                • 9





                  how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

                  – tetris
                  May 14 '12 at 10:21






                • 6





                  @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

                  – Euro Micelli
                  Nov 1 '13 at 10:57








                9




                9





                how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

                – tetris
                May 14 '12 at 10:21





                how do you know wich dll dllimport is pointing at?

                – tetris
                May 14 '12 at 10:21




                6




                6





                @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

                – Euro Micelli
                Nov 1 '13 at 10:57





                @tetris, you don't know from the code. The decision is made by the linker, who will pick the first .lib it finds that has a matching exported symbol.

                – Euro Micelli
                Nov 1 '13 at 10:57











                18














                It is mostly used for importing symbols from / exporting symbols to a shared library (DLL). Both Visual C++ and GCC compilers support __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport). Other uses (some Microsoft-only) are documented in the MSDN.






                share|improve this answer






























                  18














                  It is mostly used for importing symbols from / exporting symbols to a shared library (DLL). Both Visual C++ and GCC compilers support __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport). Other uses (some Microsoft-only) are documented in the MSDN.






                  share|improve this answer




























                    18












                    18








                    18







                    It is mostly used for importing symbols from / exporting symbols to a shared library (DLL). Both Visual C++ and GCC compilers support __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport). Other uses (some Microsoft-only) are documented in the MSDN.






                    share|improve this answer















                    It is mostly used for importing symbols from / exporting symbols to a shared library (DLL). Both Visual C++ and GCC compilers support __declspec(dllimport) and __declspec(dllexport). Other uses (some Microsoft-only) are documented in the MSDN.







                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited Sep 24 '16 at 9:43









                    K DawG

                    6,77182357




                    6,77182357










                    answered Feb 17 '10 at 21:47









                    AndiDogAndiDog

                    48.9k12132184




                    48.9k12132184























                        11














                        Another example to illustrate the __declspec keyword:



                        When you are writing a Windows Kernel Driver, sometimes you want to write your own prolog/epilog code sequences using inline assembler code, so you could declare your function with the naked attribute.



                        __declspec( naked ) int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                        Or



                        #define Naked __declspec( naked )
                        
Naked int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                        Please refer to naked (C++)






                        share|improve this answer






























                          11














                          Another example to illustrate the __declspec keyword:



                          When you are writing a Windows Kernel Driver, sometimes you want to write your own prolog/epilog code sequences using inline assembler code, so you could declare your function with the naked attribute.



                          __declspec( naked ) int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                          Or



                          #define Naked __declspec( naked )
                          
Naked int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                          Please refer to naked (C++)






                          share|improve this answer




























                            11












                            11








                            11







                            Another example to illustrate the __declspec keyword:



                            When you are writing a Windows Kernel Driver, sometimes you want to write your own prolog/epilog code sequences using inline assembler code, so you could declare your function with the naked attribute.



                            __declspec( naked ) int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                            Or



                            #define Naked __declspec( naked )
                            
Naked int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                            Please refer to naked (C++)






                            share|improve this answer















                            Another example to illustrate the __declspec keyword:



                            When you are writing a Windows Kernel Driver, sometimes you want to write your own prolog/epilog code sequences using inline assembler code, so you could declare your function with the naked attribute.



                            __declspec( naked ) int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                            Or



                            #define Naked __declspec( naked )
                            
Naked int func( formal_parameters ) {}


                            Please refer to naked (C++)







                            share|improve this answer














                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer








                            edited Mar 30 '16 at 14:13









                            DanielV

                            76211741




                            76211741










                            answered May 20 '11 at 6:22









                            HackNoneHackNone

                            421612




                            421612























                                6














                                Essentially, it's the way Microsoft introduces its C++ extensions so that they won't conflict with future extensions of standard C++. With __declspec, you can attribute a function or class; the exact meaning varies depending on the nature of __declspec. __declspec(naked), for example, suppresses prolog/epilog generation (for interrupt handlers, embeddable code, etc), __declspec(thread) makes a variable thread-local, and so on.



                                The full list of __declspec attributes is available on MSDN, and varies by compiler version and platform.






                                share|improve this answer



















                                • 1





                                  Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                                  – user2338150
                                  Jul 4 '17 at 6:03


















                                6














                                Essentially, it's the way Microsoft introduces its C++ extensions so that they won't conflict with future extensions of standard C++. With __declspec, you can attribute a function or class; the exact meaning varies depending on the nature of __declspec. __declspec(naked), for example, suppresses prolog/epilog generation (for interrupt handlers, embeddable code, etc), __declspec(thread) makes a variable thread-local, and so on.



                                The full list of __declspec attributes is available on MSDN, and varies by compiler version and platform.






                                share|improve this answer



















                                • 1





                                  Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                                  – user2338150
                                  Jul 4 '17 at 6:03
















                                6












                                6








                                6







                                Essentially, it's the way Microsoft introduces its C++ extensions so that they won't conflict with future extensions of standard C++. With __declspec, you can attribute a function or class; the exact meaning varies depending on the nature of __declspec. __declspec(naked), for example, suppresses prolog/epilog generation (for interrupt handlers, embeddable code, etc), __declspec(thread) makes a variable thread-local, and so on.



                                The full list of __declspec attributes is available on MSDN, and varies by compiler version and platform.






                                share|improve this answer













                                Essentially, it's the way Microsoft introduces its C++ extensions so that they won't conflict with future extensions of standard C++. With __declspec, you can attribute a function or class; the exact meaning varies depending on the nature of __declspec. __declspec(naked), for example, suppresses prolog/epilog generation (for interrupt handlers, embeddable code, etc), __declspec(thread) makes a variable thread-local, and so on.



                                The full list of __declspec attributes is available on MSDN, and varies by compiler version and platform.







                                share|improve this answer












                                share|improve this answer



                                share|improve this answer










                                answered Feb 17 '10 at 21:46









                                Seva AlekseyevSeva Alekseyev

                                44.6k16125218




                                44.6k16125218








                                • 1





                                  Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                                  – user2338150
                                  Jul 4 '17 at 6:03
















                                • 1





                                  Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                                  – user2338150
                                  Jul 4 '17 at 6:03










                                1




                                1





                                Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                                – user2338150
                                Jul 4 '17 at 6:03







                                Considering non-microsoft compilers like GCC 4.2, that offer alternative in addition to their __attribute__ ((dllexport)) to __declspec(dllexport), is it fair to call __declspec, a Microsoft-only extension?

                                – user2338150
                                Jul 4 '17 at 6:03













                                0














                                I know it's been eight years but I wanted to share this piece of code found in MRuby that shows how __declspec() can bee used at the same level as the export keyword.



                                /** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
                                
#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
                                
#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
                                
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
                                
#else
                                
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
                                
#endif
                                
#else
                                
# define MRB_API extern
                                
#endif





                                share|improve this answer




























                                  0














                                  I know it's been eight years but I wanted to share this piece of code found in MRuby that shows how __declspec() can bee used at the same level as the export keyword.



                                  /** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
                                  
#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
                                  
#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
                                  
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
                                  
#else
                                  
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
                                  
#endif
                                  
#else
                                  
# define MRB_API extern
                                  
#endif





                                  share|improve this answer


























                                    0












                                    0








                                    0







                                    I know it's been eight years but I wanted to share this piece of code found in MRuby that shows how __declspec() can bee used at the same level as the export keyword.



                                    /** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
                                    
#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
                                    
#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
                                    
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
                                    
#else
                                    
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
                                    
#endif
                                    
#else
                                    
# define MRB_API extern
                                    
#endif





                                    share|improve this answer













                                    I know it's been eight years but I wanted to share this piece of code found in MRuby that shows how __declspec() can bee used at the same level as the export keyword.



                                    /** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
                                    
#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
                                    
#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
                                    
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
                                    
#else
                                    
# define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
                                    
#endif
                                    
#else
                                    
# define MRB_API extern
                                    
#endif






                                    share|improve this answer












                                    share|improve this answer



                                    share|improve this answer










                                    answered Jun 14 '18 at 13:50







                                    user9726814





































                                        draft saved

                                        draft discarded




















































                                        Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!


                                        • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                                        But avoid …



                                        • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                                        • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


                                        To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                                        draft saved


                                        draft discarded














                                        StackExchange.ready(
                                        function () {
                                        StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f2284610%2fwhat-is-declspec-and-when-do-i-need-to-use-it%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                                        }
                                        );

                                        Post as a guest















                                        Required, but never shown





















































                                        Required, but never shown














                                        Required, but never shown












                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Required, but never shown

































                                        Required, but never shown














                                        Required, but never shown












                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Required, but never shown







                                        -

                                        Popular posts from this blog

                                        Berounka

                                        Image
                                        Berounka.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")} Caractéristiques Longueur 139  km Bassin 8 861  km 2 Bassin collecteur Elbe Débit moyen ? Cours Source Confluence de la Mže et de la Radbuza · Localisation Pilsen · Altitude 305  m · Coordonnées 49° 45′ 13″ N, 13° 23′ 24″ E Confluence Vltava · Localisation Prague · Altitude 187  m · Coordonnées 49° 59′ 43″ N, 14° 24′ 04″ E Géographie Pays traversés   République tchèque modifier   La Berounka est une rivière de la République tchèque. Elle porte le nom de Mže depuis sa source en Allemagne près de la frontière jusqu'à sa confluence avec la Radbuza à Plzeň. Elle continue ensuite sous le nom de Berounka jusqu'à sa confluence avec la Vltava, près de Prague. La rivière est une destination prisée pour les amateurs de canoë, qui appréc...
                                        Read more

                                        Sphinx de Gizeh

                                        Image
                                        Pour les articles homonymes, voir Sphinx. Sphinx de Gizeh.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")} Site d'Égypte antique Le visage du sphinx de Gizeh. Noms en arabe أبو الهول , Abou al-Hôl Localisation Région Basse-Égypte Coordonnées 29° 58′ 31″ nord, 31° 08′ 16″ est Géolocalisation sur la carte : Égypte Sphinx de Gizeh modifier   Le sphinx de Gizeh est la statue thérianthrope qui se dresse devant les grandes pyramides du plateau de Gizeh, en Basse-Égypte. Sculpture monumentale monolithique la plus grande du monde [ 1 ] avec 73,5 mètres de longueur, 14 mètres de largeur et 20,22 mètres de hauteur, elle représente un sphinx couchant. Réalisée vers -2500, elle serait attribuée à Djédefrê, l'un des pharaons de la IV e  dynastie, représentant son père le pharaon Khéops. Sommaire 1 Étymologie 2 Desc...
                                        Read more

                                        Different font size/position of beamer's navigation symbols template's content depending on regular/plain...

                                        Image
                                        3 Let's suppose I'd like to divert the navigation symbols template (e.g. in order replace them by the frame numbers, see this bug report ;) I would be facing troubles regarding the font size/position, depending on regular/plain frames, as shown by the following MCE. How could I get rid of these troubles? documentclass{beamer} usetheme{PaloAlto} setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{insertframenumber/inserttotalframenumber} begin{document} begin{frame} frametitle{A regular frame} end{frame} begin{frame}[plain] frametitle{A plain frame} end{frame} end{document} beamer header-footer share | improve this question asked Dec 10 '18 a...
                                        Read more