Htykuut

How do I import from a higher level directory in python?

For example, I have:

/var/www/PROJECT/subproject/_common.py 

/var/www/PROJECT/subproject/stuff/routes.py

I want to import variable A in _common.py to routes.py

# routes.py



import os, sys   

sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..")))

from _common import A

but I get the error:

ImportError:cannot import name 'A'

Change file directory:

import os, sys   

sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"../../project")))

from _common import A

OLD VERSION

To solve the issue replace ".." with os.pardir:

import os, sys

sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.pardir)))

from _common import A

NEW VERSION

The code above does not solve the problem in the question because the true problem lies in the project structure not in the particular line. The problem is circular import. The problem became clear after the full traceback has been provided. Here is the simple way to reproduce the issue - consider 3 files...

main.py:

import a

a.py:

import b

A = 'A'

b.py:

from a import A

... the error is:

ImportError: cannot import name 'A'

OR

b.py:

import a

BB = a.A

... the error is:

AttributeError: module 'a' has no attribute 'A'

The solution to the problem has been discussed many times - search on SO