If $I_{m,n} = int_{0}^{pi/2}cos^mxcos nx ~dx$, prove that $I_{m,n} = frac{m(m-1)}{m^2-n^2}I_{m-2,n}$











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If $$I_{m,n} = int_{0}^{pi/2}cos^m x cos nx ~dx$$
prove that
$$I_{m,n} = frac{m(m-1)}{m^2-n^2}I_{m-2,n}$$




I have tried my level best to solve but failed. Please help me out with a detailed solution if possible.This is what I have done...










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  • 1




    You have posted an exact duplicate of a question (now deleted). Re-posting is not the way to call attention to your question, nor to side-step being put "on hold". Instead, you should edit the previous question (which you did) and wait for the community to re-open (which you didn't). Please close this question and un-delete the other. Also, if you can, please upload your image to a service such as Imgur; people are rightfully averse to clicking a link to a Google Drive file that may-or-may-not be an image.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:17










  • But no one is looking into that previous post... I have edited a lot
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 18 at 7:19






  • 1




    Unfortunately, Math.SE gets a great deal of traffic. Not every question gets as much attention as we might like. (The same is true of answers. I post a lot of really good ones, and no one notices. ;) Again, re-posting is not the appropriate course of action. That said, showing your work as you did is the right thing to do. (If nothing else, it tells people that you aren't simply trying to have them do your homework for you!) But it's up to the community to vote to re-open.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:27










  • Take a look here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/849826/…
    – Robert Z
    Nov 18 at 9:25















up vote
5
down vote

favorite
2













If $$I_{m,n} = int_{0}^{pi/2}cos^m x cos nx ~dx$$
prove that
$$I_{m,n} = frac{m(m-1)}{m^2-n^2}I_{m-2,n}$$




I have tried my level best to solve but failed. Please help me out with a detailed solution if possible.This is what I have done...










share|cite|improve this question




















  • 1




    You have posted an exact duplicate of a question (now deleted). Re-posting is not the way to call attention to your question, nor to side-step being put "on hold". Instead, you should edit the previous question (which you did) and wait for the community to re-open (which you didn't). Please close this question and un-delete the other. Also, if you can, please upload your image to a service such as Imgur; people are rightfully averse to clicking a link to a Google Drive file that may-or-may-not be an image.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:17










  • But no one is looking into that previous post... I have edited a lot
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 18 at 7:19






  • 1




    Unfortunately, Math.SE gets a great deal of traffic. Not every question gets as much attention as we might like. (The same is true of answers. I post a lot of really good ones, and no one notices. ;) Again, re-posting is not the appropriate course of action. That said, showing your work as you did is the right thing to do. (If nothing else, it tells people that you aren't simply trying to have them do your homework for you!) But it's up to the community to vote to re-open.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:27










  • Take a look here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/849826/…
    – Robert Z
    Nov 18 at 9:25













up vote
5
down vote

favorite
2









up vote
5
down vote

favorite
2






2






If $$I_{m,n} = int_{0}^{pi/2}cos^m x cos nx ~dx$$
prove that
$$I_{m,n} = frac{m(m-1)}{m^2-n^2}I_{m-2,n}$$




I have tried my level best to solve but failed. Please help me out with a detailed solution if possible.This is what I have done...










share|cite|improve this question
















If $$I_{m,n} = int_{0}^{pi/2}cos^m x cos nx ~dx$$
prove that
$$I_{m,n} = frac{m(m-1)}{m^2-n^2}I_{m-2,n}$$




I have tried my level best to solve but failed. Please help me out with a detailed solution if possible.This is what I have done...







integration trigonometry trigonometric-integrals reduction-formula






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share|cite|improve this question













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share|cite|improve this question








edited 2 hours ago









clathratus

2,218322




2,218322










asked Nov 18 at 7:05









Abhishek Ghosh

476




476








  • 1




    You have posted an exact duplicate of a question (now deleted). Re-posting is not the way to call attention to your question, nor to side-step being put "on hold". Instead, you should edit the previous question (which you did) and wait for the community to re-open (which you didn't). Please close this question and un-delete the other. Also, if you can, please upload your image to a service such as Imgur; people are rightfully averse to clicking a link to a Google Drive file that may-or-may-not be an image.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:17










  • But no one is looking into that previous post... I have edited a lot
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 18 at 7:19






  • 1




    Unfortunately, Math.SE gets a great deal of traffic. Not every question gets as much attention as we might like. (The same is true of answers. I post a lot of really good ones, and no one notices. ;) Again, re-posting is not the appropriate course of action. That said, showing your work as you did is the right thing to do. (If nothing else, it tells people that you aren't simply trying to have them do your homework for you!) But it's up to the community to vote to re-open.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:27










  • Take a look here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/849826/…
    – Robert Z
    Nov 18 at 9:25














  • 1




    You have posted an exact duplicate of a question (now deleted). Re-posting is not the way to call attention to your question, nor to side-step being put "on hold". Instead, you should edit the previous question (which you did) and wait for the community to re-open (which you didn't). Please close this question and un-delete the other. Also, if you can, please upload your image to a service such as Imgur; people are rightfully averse to clicking a link to a Google Drive file that may-or-may-not be an image.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:17










  • But no one is looking into that previous post... I have edited a lot
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 18 at 7:19






  • 1




    Unfortunately, Math.SE gets a great deal of traffic. Not every question gets as much attention as we might like. (The same is true of answers. I post a lot of really good ones, and no one notices. ;) Again, re-posting is not the appropriate course of action. That said, showing your work as you did is the right thing to do. (If nothing else, it tells people that you aren't simply trying to have them do your homework for you!) But it's up to the community to vote to re-open.
    – Blue
    Nov 18 at 7:27










  • Take a look here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/849826/…
    – Robert Z
    Nov 18 at 9:25








1




1




You have posted an exact duplicate of a question (now deleted). Re-posting is not the way to call attention to your question, nor to side-step being put "on hold". Instead, you should edit the previous question (which you did) and wait for the community to re-open (which you didn't). Please close this question and un-delete the other. Also, if you can, please upload your image to a service such as Imgur; people are rightfully averse to clicking a link to a Google Drive file that may-or-may-not be an image.
– Blue
Nov 18 at 7:17




You have posted an exact duplicate of a question (now deleted). Re-posting is not the way to call attention to your question, nor to side-step being put "on hold". Instead, you should edit the previous question (which you did) and wait for the community to re-open (which you didn't). Please close this question and un-delete the other. Also, if you can, please upload your image to a service such as Imgur; people are rightfully averse to clicking a link to a Google Drive file that may-or-may-not be an image.
– Blue
Nov 18 at 7:17












But no one is looking into that previous post... I have edited a lot
– Abhishek Ghosh
Nov 18 at 7:19




But no one is looking into that previous post... I have edited a lot
– Abhishek Ghosh
Nov 18 at 7:19




1




1




Unfortunately, Math.SE gets a great deal of traffic. Not every question gets as much attention as we might like. (The same is true of answers. I post a lot of really good ones, and no one notices. ;) Again, re-posting is not the appropriate course of action. That said, showing your work as you did is the right thing to do. (If nothing else, it tells people that you aren't simply trying to have them do your homework for you!) But it's up to the community to vote to re-open.
– Blue
Nov 18 at 7:27




Unfortunately, Math.SE gets a great deal of traffic. Not every question gets as much attention as we might like. (The same is true of answers. I post a lot of really good ones, and no one notices. ;) Again, re-posting is not the appropriate course of action. That said, showing your work as you did is the right thing to do. (If nothing else, it tells people that you aren't simply trying to have them do your homework for you!) But it's up to the community to vote to re-open.
– Blue
Nov 18 at 7:27












Take a look here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/849826/…
– Robert Z
Nov 18 at 9:25




Take a look here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/849826/…
– Robert Z
Nov 18 at 9:25










1 Answer
1






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Let $f_{m,a}(x)=f_m=e^{ax}cos^mx$. Take the derivative of $f_{m}$,
begin{align*}
f'_{m}&=af_{m}-mf_{m-1}sin x.tag{1}
end{align*}

So, if we take $g_{m}=af_{m}color{magenta}+mf_{m-1}sin x$, the derivative of $g_{m}$ will cancel $color{blue}{sin x}$ out, i.e.
begin{align*}
g'_{m}&=af'_{m}hspace{7.3em}+mbig(f'_{m-1}sin xhspace{9.9em}+underbrace{f_{m-1}cos x}_{=f_{m}}big)\
g'_{m}&=a^2f_{m}-color{blue}{amf_{m-1}sin x}+color{blue}mbig(color{blue}{af_{m-1}sin x}-(m-1) f_{m-2}color{orange}{sin^2 x}+f_mbig)\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}color{orange}{(1-cos^2 x)}\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m^2)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}.tag{2}
end{align*}

Now, we assume
$$J_{m,a}=int_0^{pi/2}e^{ax}cos^mx~mathrm dx=int_0^{pi/2}f_m~mathrm dx,$$
integrate $(2)$,
$$underbrace{big[g_mbig]_0^{pi/2}}_{=-a}=(a^2+m^2)J_{m,a}-m(m-1)J_{m-2,a}.tag{3}$$
Put $a=in$, notice $Rebig{J_{m,in}big}=I_{m,n}$, by considering the real part of $(3)$, we get the desired result




$$0=(m^2-n^2)I_{m,n}-m(m-1)I_{m-2,n}.$$







share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:40










  • @AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
    – Tianlalu
    Nov 19 at 2:42










  • Thank you. I got it!
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:45











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1 Answer
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oldest

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active

oldest

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up vote
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accepted










Let $f_{m,a}(x)=f_m=e^{ax}cos^mx$. Take the derivative of $f_{m}$,
begin{align*}
f'_{m}&=af_{m}-mf_{m-1}sin x.tag{1}
end{align*}

So, if we take $g_{m}=af_{m}color{magenta}+mf_{m-1}sin x$, the derivative of $g_{m}$ will cancel $color{blue}{sin x}$ out, i.e.
begin{align*}
g'_{m}&=af'_{m}hspace{7.3em}+mbig(f'_{m-1}sin xhspace{9.9em}+underbrace{f_{m-1}cos x}_{=f_{m}}big)\
g'_{m}&=a^2f_{m}-color{blue}{amf_{m-1}sin x}+color{blue}mbig(color{blue}{af_{m-1}sin x}-(m-1) f_{m-2}color{orange}{sin^2 x}+f_mbig)\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}color{orange}{(1-cos^2 x)}\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m^2)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}.tag{2}
end{align*}

Now, we assume
$$J_{m,a}=int_0^{pi/2}e^{ax}cos^mx~mathrm dx=int_0^{pi/2}f_m~mathrm dx,$$
integrate $(2)$,
$$underbrace{big[g_mbig]_0^{pi/2}}_{=-a}=(a^2+m^2)J_{m,a}-m(m-1)J_{m-2,a}.tag{3}$$
Put $a=in$, notice $Rebig{J_{m,in}big}=I_{m,n}$, by considering the real part of $(3)$, we get the desired result




$$0=(m^2-n^2)I_{m,n}-m(m-1)I_{m-2,n}.$$







share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:40










  • @AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
    – Tianlalu
    Nov 19 at 2:42










  • Thank you. I got it!
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:45















up vote
1
down vote



accepted










Let $f_{m,a}(x)=f_m=e^{ax}cos^mx$. Take the derivative of $f_{m}$,
begin{align*}
f'_{m}&=af_{m}-mf_{m-1}sin x.tag{1}
end{align*}

So, if we take $g_{m}=af_{m}color{magenta}+mf_{m-1}sin x$, the derivative of $g_{m}$ will cancel $color{blue}{sin x}$ out, i.e.
begin{align*}
g'_{m}&=af'_{m}hspace{7.3em}+mbig(f'_{m-1}sin xhspace{9.9em}+underbrace{f_{m-1}cos x}_{=f_{m}}big)\
g'_{m}&=a^2f_{m}-color{blue}{amf_{m-1}sin x}+color{blue}mbig(color{blue}{af_{m-1}sin x}-(m-1) f_{m-2}color{orange}{sin^2 x}+f_mbig)\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}color{orange}{(1-cos^2 x)}\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m^2)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}.tag{2}
end{align*}

Now, we assume
$$J_{m,a}=int_0^{pi/2}e^{ax}cos^mx~mathrm dx=int_0^{pi/2}f_m~mathrm dx,$$
integrate $(2)$,
$$underbrace{big[g_mbig]_0^{pi/2}}_{=-a}=(a^2+m^2)J_{m,a}-m(m-1)J_{m-2,a}.tag{3}$$
Put $a=in$, notice $Rebig{J_{m,in}big}=I_{m,n}$, by considering the real part of $(3)$, we get the desired result




$$0=(m^2-n^2)I_{m,n}-m(m-1)I_{m-2,n}.$$







share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:40










  • @AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
    – Tianlalu
    Nov 19 at 2:42










  • Thank you. I got it!
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:45













up vote
1
down vote



accepted







up vote
1
down vote



accepted






Let $f_{m,a}(x)=f_m=e^{ax}cos^mx$. Take the derivative of $f_{m}$,
begin{align*}
f'_{m}&=af_{m}-mf_{m-1}sin x.tag{1}
end{align*}

So, if we take $g_{m}=af_{m}color{magenta}+mf_{m-1}sin x$, the derivative of $g_{m}$ will cancel $color{blue}{sin x}$ out, i.e.
begin{align*}
g'_{m}&=af'_{m}hspace{7.3em}+mbig(f'_{m-1}sin xhspace{9.9em}+underbrace{f_{m-1}cos x}_{=f_{m}}big)\
g'_{m}&=a^2f_{m}-color{blue}{amf_{m-1}sin x}+color{blue}mbig(color{blue}{af_{m-1}sin x}-(m-1) f_{m-2}color{orange}{sin^2 x}+f_mbig)\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}color{orange}{(1-cos^2 x)}\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m^2)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}.tag{2}
end{align*}

Now, we assume
$$J_{m,a}=int_0^{pi/2}e^{ax}cos^mx~mathrm dx=int_0^{pi/2}f_m~mathrm dx,$$
integrate $(2)$,
$$underbrace{big[g_mbig]_0^{pi/2}}_{=-a}=(a^2+m^2)J_{m,a}-m(m-1)J_{m-2,a}.tag{3}$$
Put $a=in$, notice $Rebig{J_{m,in}big}=I_{m,n}$, by considering the real part of $(3)$, we get the desired result




$$0=(m^2-n^2)I_{m,n}-m(m-1)I_{m-2,n}.$$







share|cite|improve this answer












Let $f_{m,a}(x)=f_m=e^{ax}cos^mx$. Take the derivative of $f_{m}$,
begin{align*}
f'_{m}&=af_{m}-mf_{m-1}sin x.tag{1}
end{align*}

So, if we take $g_{m}=af_{m}color{magenta}+mf_{m-1}sin x$, the derivative of $g_{m}$ will cancel $color{blue}{sin x}$ out, i.e.
begin{align*}
g'_{m}&=af'_{m}hspace{7.3em}+mbig(f'_{m-1}sin xhspace{9.9em}+underbrace{f_{m-1}cos x}_{=f_{m}}big)\
g'_{m}&=a^2f_{m}-color{blue}{amf_{m-1}sin x}+color{blue}mbig(color{blue}{af_{m-1}sin x}-(m-1) f_{m-2}color{orange}{sin^2 x}+f_mbig)\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}color{orange}{(1-cos^2 x)}\
g'_{m}&=(a^2+m^2)f_m-m(m-1)f_{m-2}.tag{2}
end{align*}

Now, we assume
$$J_{m,a}=int_0^{pi/2}e^{ax}cos^mx~mathrm dx=int_0^{pi/2}f_m~mathrm dx,$$
integrate $(2)$,
$$underbrace{big[g_mbig]_0^{pi/2}}_{=-a}=(a^2+m^2)J_{m,a}-m(m-1)J_{m-2,a}.tag{3}$$
Put $a=in$, notice $Rebig{J_{m,in}big}=I_{m,n}$, by considering the real part of $(3)$, we get the desired result




$$0=(m^2-n^2)I_{m,n}-m(m-1)I_{m-2,n}.$$








share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Nov 18 at 12:17









Tianlalu

2,8811935




2,8811935












  • Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:40










  • @AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
    – Tianlalu
    Nov 19 at 2:42










  • Thank you. I got it!
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:45


















  • Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:40










  • @AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
    – Tianlalu
    Nov 19 at 2:42










  • Thank you. I got it!
    – Abhishek Ghosh
    Nov 19 at 2:45
















Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
– Abhishek Ghosh
Nov 19 at 2:40




Just before equation (2) there is (1-cos²x) how does that term vanish in equation labelled (2) can you please explain? @Tianlalu
– Abhishek Ghosh
Nov 19 at 2:40












@AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
– Tianlalu
Nov 19 at 2:42




@AbhishekGhosh : $$f_{m-2}cos^2 x=f_m.$$
– Tianlalu
Nov 19 at 2:42












Thank you. I got it!
– Abhishek Ghosh
Nov 19 at 2:45




Thank you. I got it!
– Abhishek Ghosh
Nov 19 at 2:45


















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