Does (If not P then Q) imply (If P then Q)? My truth table says yes but I want verification











up vote
2
down vote

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As the title says, is this true?



$$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$



The truth table is



begin{array}{rrrrrr}
P & Q & lnot P & lnot Q & lnot P to lnot Q & P to Q & (lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q) \ hline
T & T & F & F & T & T & T \
T & F & F & T & T & F & F \
F & T & T & F & F & T & T \
F & F & T & T & T & T & T \
end{array}



It seems like it's true from the table.



If it is true, is it true because $$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$ has the same truth table corresponding to the $to$ connective which is false only when the antecedent is T but the consequent is F?



Or is it true because the statement is true when the premises of $lnot P to lnot Q$ and $P to Q$ are true?



If it's not true, why not?










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  • 2




    Why would it seem to you like it is true from the truth table? You have a F in the last column. That indicates that it is not a tautology.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday












  • The title suggests the formula you want is $(neg Pto Q)to(Pto Q)$ not $(neg Ptoneg Q)to(Pto Q)$.
    – Derek Elkins
    20 hours ago















up vote
2
down vote

favorite












As the title says, is this true?



$$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$



The truth table is



begin{array}{rrrrrr}
P & Q & lnot P & lnot Q & lnot P to lnot Q & P to Q & (lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q) \ hline
T & T & F & F & T & T & T \
T & F & F & T & T & F & F \
F & T & T & F & F & T & T \
F & F & T & T & T & T & T \
end{array}



It seems like it's true from the table.



If it is true, is it true because $$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$ has the same truth table corresponding to the $to$ connective which is false only when the antecedent is T but the consequent is F?



Or is it true because the statement is true when the premises of $lnot P to lnot Q$ and $P to Q$ are true?



If it's not true, why not?










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




000 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 2




    Why would it seem to you like it is true from the truth table? You have a F in the last column. That indicates that it is not a tautology.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday












  • The title suggests the formula you want is $(neg Pto Q)to(Pto Q)$ not $(neg Ptoneg Q)to(Pto Q)$.
    – Derek Elkins
    20 hours ago













up vote
2
down vote

favorite









up vote
2
down vote

favorite











As the title says, is this true?



$$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$



The truth table is



begin{array}{rrrrrr}
P & Q & lnot P & lnot Q & lnot P to lnot Q & P to Q & (lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q) \ hline
T & T & F & F & T & T & T \
T & F & F & T & T & F & F \
F & T & T & F & F & T & T \
F & F & T & T & T & T & T \
end{array}



It seems like it's true from the table.



If it is true, is it true because $$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$ has the same truth table corresponding to the $to$ connective which is false only when the antecedent is T but the consequent is F?



Or is it true because the statement is true when the premises of $lnot P to lnot Q$ and $P to Q$ are true?



If it's not true, why not?










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




000 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











As the title says, is this true?



$$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$



The truth table is



begin{array}{rrrrrr}
P & Q & lnot P & lnot Q & lnot P to lnot Q & P to Q & (lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q) \ hline
T & T & F & F & T & T & T \
T & F & F & T & T & F & F \
F & T & T & F & F & T & T \
F & F & T & T & T & T & T \
end{array}



It seems like it's true from the table.



If it is true, is it true because $$(lnot P to lnot Q) to (P to Q)$$ has the same truth table corresponding to the $to$ connective which is false only when the antecedent is T but the consequent is F?



Or is it true because the statement is true when the premises of $lnot P to lnot Q$ and $P to Q$ are true?



If it's not true, why not?







logic






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share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




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asked yesterday









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New contributor




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New contributor





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  • 2




    Why would it seem to you like it is true from the truth table? You have a F in the last column. That indicates that it is not a tautology.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday












  • The title suggests the formula you want is $(neg Pto Q)to(Pto Q)$ not $(neg Ptoneg Q)to(Pto Q)$.
    – Derek Elkins
    20 hours ago














  • 2




    Why would it seem to you like it is true from the truth table? You have a F in the last column. That indicates that it is not a tautology.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday












  • The title suggests the formula you want is $(neg Pto Q)to(Pto Q)$ not $(neg Ptoneg Q)to(Pto Q)$.
    – Derek Elkins
    20 hours ago








2




2




Why would it seem to you like it is true from the truth table? You have a F in the last column. That indicates that it is not a tautology.
– Graham Kemp
yesterday






Why would it seem to you like it is true from the truth table? You have a F in the last column. That indicates that it is not a tautology.
– Graham Kemp
yesterday














The title suggests the formula you want is $(neg Pto Q)to(Pto Q)$ not $(neg Ptoneg Q)to(Pto Q)$.
– Derek Elkins
20 hours ago




The title suggests the formula you want is $(neg Pto Q)to(Pto Q)$ not $(neg Ptoneg Q)to(Pto Q)$.
– Derek Elkins
20 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
3
down vote



accepted










$(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$ is not a tautology because it is not true when $P$ is true but $Q$ is false.   That is shown in the second row of your truth table.



Likewise, it is not a contradiction.   The statement is conditionally true.



The statement is logically equivalent to $lnot(Plandlnot Q)$, also to $(lnot Plor Q)$.





Now $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Qto P)$ is a tautology in classical logic.   Notice the order of the terms.



Indeed $lnot Pto lnot Q$ is the contrapositive of $Qto P$, and the two are logically equivalent.






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
    – 000
    yesterday












  • "In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
    – Git Gud
    yesterday












  • @GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
    – 000
    yesterday












  • I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • @000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday




















up vote
1
down vote













No, if we have a statement "$P$ then $Q$", then "$neg P$ then $neg Q$" is the inverse of the statement. The inverse being true does not imply the statement is true.



For instance consider a class where the cutoff for an $A$ is $90%$. Consider the statement $$
text{"If you have above an }80%text{, then you will receive an }Atext{."}
$$

This statement is not true. However its inverse is true.
$$
text{"If you do not have above an }80%text{, then you will not receive an }Atext{."}
$$






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • ($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
    – Joey Kilpatrick
    yesterday











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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

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active

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active

oldest

votes








up vote
3
down vote



accepted










$(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$ is not a tautology because it is not true when $P$ is true but $Q$ is false.   That is shown in the second row of your truth table.



Likewise, it is not a contradiction.   The statement is conditionally true.



The statement is logically equivalent to $lnot(Plandlnot Q)$, also to $(lnot Plor Q)$.





Now $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Qto P)$ is a tautology in classical logic.   Notice the order of the terms.



Indeed $lnot Pto lnot Q$ is the contrapositive of $Qto P$, and the two are logically equivalent.






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
    – 000
    yesterday












  • "In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
    – Git Gud
    yesterday












  • @GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
    – 000
    yesterday












  • I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • @000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday

















up vote
3
down vote



accepted










$(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$ is not a tautology because it is not true when $P$ is true but $Q$ is false.   That is shown in the second row of your truth table.



Likewise, it is not a contradiction.   The statement is conditionally true.



The statement is logically equivalent to $lnot(Plandlnot Q)$, also to $(lnot Plor Q)$.





Now $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Qto P)$ is a tautology in classical logic.   Notice the order of the terms.



Indeed $lnot Pto lnot Q$ is the contrapositive of $Qto P$, and the two are logically equivalent.






share|cite|improve this answer























  • Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
    – 000
    yesterday












  • "In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
    – Git Gud
    yesterday












  • @GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
    – 000
    yesterday












  • I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • @000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday















up vote
3
down vote



accepted







up vote
3
down vote



accepted






$(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$ is not a tautology because it is not true when $P$ is true but $Q$ is false.   That is shown in the second row of your truth table.



Likewise, it is not a contradiction.   The statement is conditionally true.



The statement is logically equivalent to $lnot(Plandlnot Q)$, also to $(lnot Plor Q)$.





Now $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Qto P)$ is a tautology in classical logic.   Notice the order of the terms.



Indeed $lnot Pto lnot Q$ is the contrapositive of $Qto P$, and the two are logically equivalent.






share|cite|improve this answer














$(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$ is not a tautology because it is not true when $P$ is true but $Q$ is false.   That is shown in the second row of your truth table.



Likewise, it is not a contradiction.   The statement is conditionally true.



The statement is logically equivalent to $lnot(Plandlnot Q)$, also to $(lnot Plor Q)$.





Now $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Qto P)$ is a tautology in classical logic.   Notice the order of the terms.



Indeed $lnot Pto lnot Q$ is the contrapositive of $Qto P$, and the two are logically equivalent.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited yesterday

























answered yesterday









Graham Kemp

84k43378




84k43378












  • Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
    – 000
    yesterday












  • "In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
    – Git Gud
    yesterday












  • @GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
    – 000
    yesterday












  • I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • @000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday




















  • Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
    – 000
    yesterday












  • "In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
    – Git Gud
    yesterday












  • @GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
    – 000
    yesterday












  • I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • @000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
    – Graham Kemp
    yesterday


















Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
– 000
yesterday






Is it conditionally true because (¬P→¬Q) is a premise and (P→Q) is a conclusion, and the conclusion is false when the premise is true when P is true and Q is false? In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) itself i.e. I can remove the last column and be able to evaluate the truth table
– 000
yesterday














"In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
– Git Gud
yesterday






"In other words whether this statement is true or not doesn't have anything to do with the evaluation of $(neg Pto neg Q)to (Pto Q)$ itself", except that truth is defined exactly by the result of valuations.
– Git Gud
yesterday














@GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
– 000
yesterday






@GitGud Ok so the last column is necessary because it gives us the final statement to evaluate it's truthfulness correct?
– 000
yesterday














I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
– 000
yesterday




I have a question. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
– 000
yesterday












@000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
– Graham Kemp
yesterday






@000 We say $lnot Ptolnot Q$ is the antecedant, and $Pto Q$ is the consequent, of the statement $(lnot Ptolnot Q)to(Pto Q)$. Premise and conclusion reference parts of a logical argument.
– Graham Kemp
yesterday












up vote
1
down vote













No, if we have a statement "$P$ then $Q$", then "$neg P$ then $neg Q$" is the inverse of the statement. The inverse being true does not imply the statement is true.



For instance consider a class where the cutoff for an $A$ is $90%$. Consider the statement $$
text{"If you have above an }80%text{, then you will receive an }Atext{."}
$$

This statement is not true. However its inverse is true.
$$
text{"If you do not have above an }80%text{, then you will not receive an }Atext{."}
$$






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • ($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
    – Joey Kilpatrick
    yesterday















up vote
1
down vote













No, if we have a statement "$P$ then $Q$", then "$neg P$ then $neg Q$" is the inverse of the statement. The inverse being true does not imply the statement is true.



For instance consider a class where the cutoff for an $A$ is $90%$. Consider the statement $$
text{"If you have above an }80%text{, then you will receive an }Atext{."}
$$

This statement is not true. However its inverse is true.
$$
text{"If you do not have above an }80%text{, then you will not receive an }Atext{."}
$$






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • ($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
    – Joey Kilpatrick
    yesterday













up vote
1
down vote










up vote
1
down vote









No, if we have a statement "$P$ then $Q$", then "$neg P$ then $neg Q$" is the inverse of the statement. The inverse being true does not imply the statement is true.



For instance consider a class where the cutoff for an $A$ is $90%$. Consider the statement $$
text{"If you have above an }80%text{, then you will receive an }Atext{."}
$$

This statement is not true. However its inverse is true.
$$
text{"If you do not have above an }80%text{, then you will not receive an }Atext{."}
$$






share|cite|improve this answer












No, if we have a statement "$P$ then $Q$", then "$neg P$ then $neg Q$" is the inverse of the statement. The inverse being true does not imply the statement is true.



For instance consider a class where the cutoff for an $A$ is $90%$. Consider the statement $$
text{"If you have above an }80%text{, then you will receive an }Atext{."}
$$

This statement is not true. However its inverse is true.
$$
text{"If you do not have above an }80%text{, then you will not receive an }Atext{."}
$$







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered yesterday









Joey Kilpatrick

1,070121




1,070121












  • Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • ($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
    – Joey Kilpatrick
    yesterday


















  • Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
    – 000
    yesterday










  • ($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
    – Joey Kilpatrick
    yesterday
















Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
– 000
yesterday




Thank you. Is (¬P→¬Q) the premise and (P→Q) the conclusion? Or are they both premises with (¬P→¬Q)→(P→Q) as the conclusion?
– 000
yesterday












($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
– Joey Kilpatrick
yesterday




($neg Prightarrow neg Q$) is the premise or hypothesis and ($Prightarrow Q$) is the conclusion.
– Joey Kilpatrick
yesterday










000 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










 

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